{"id":210,"date":"2024-06-04T06:35:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T06:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/?p=210"},"modified":"2024-07-03T05:30:26","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T05:30:26","slug":"organized-crime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/210","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927, \u092f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0930 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0939\u0930\u0942"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/210\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B\" >\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u092d\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/210\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82\" >\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0930 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0939\u0930\u0942<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B\"><\/span>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u092d\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (profit, power, or influence) \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u0917\u0948\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e (structured and hierarchical criminal enterprise) \u0932\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092d\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e \u092b\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u0932\u0947 \u0920\u0942\u0932\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0938\u091e\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0935\u093e \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092c\u093e\u091f \u0917\u0930\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0939\u0930\u0942 (coordinated efforts) \u0938\u092e\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0926\u091b\u0964 \u092f\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0920\u0928\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092c\u093e\u091f \u092c\u091a\u094d\u0928 (evade law enforcement) \u0930 \u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0928\u093e\u092b\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942, \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0930 \u0928\u0947\u091f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0939\u0930\u0942 (sophisticated methods, strategies, and networks) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0917\u0930\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0906\u092b\u094d\u0928\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u091e\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 (operate across multiple jurisdictions) \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82\"><\/span><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0930 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0939\u0930\u0942<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0930 \u0924\u0939\/\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927(Structure and Hierarchy)<\/strong> : \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u091a\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\/\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e\u00a0 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0936\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e, \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0930 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940 (clearly defined roles, responsibilities, and chains of command)\u00a0 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0924\u094b\u0915\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b \u0964 \u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u092e\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 (leaders), \u0915\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0930 (commanders), \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e (enforcers) \u0930 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942 (members) \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d \u091c\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942\u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915\u094b \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0940, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u092c\u093f\u0916\u0928, \u091c\u092c\u0930\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0940, \u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0919, \u0935\u093e \u0920\u0917\u0940 (drug trafficking, human trafficking, extortion, money laundering, or racketeering) \u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 (Illegal Activities)<\/strong> : \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942\u0914\u0937\u0927 \u0913\u0938\u093e\u0930\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930 (drug trafficking) , \u0939\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0913\u0938\u093e\u0930\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930 (arms trafficking), \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u092c\u093f\u0916\u0928 (human trafficking) , \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0940 (smuggling) , \u091c\u092c\u0930\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0940 (extortion), \u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0919 (money laundering), \u0927\u094b\u0916\u093e\u0927\u0921\u0940 (fraud), \u091c\u093e\u0932\u0938\u093e\u091c\u0940 (counterfeiting) , \u0938\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 (cybercrime) , \u0930 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 (corruption) \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964 \u092f\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092b\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b \u0924\u0930 \u092f\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u00a0 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0917\u092e\u094d\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093e\u092b\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f (Profit Motive)<\/strong> : \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0928\u093e\u092b\u093e \u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942\u0914\u0937\u0927 \u0913\u0938\u093e\u0930\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930 (drug trafficking) , \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0940 (smuggling contraband goods) , \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u091a\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0947 (running illegal businesses) , \u0920\u0917\u0940 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0947 (engaging in fraud schemes)\u00a0 \u0935\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947\u00a0 (providing illicit services to clients) \u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092b\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0928\u093e\u092b\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0930 \u0927\u092e\u094d\u0915\u0940 (Violence and Intimidation)<\/strong> : \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f: \u0907\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u092f\u092e \u0930\u093e\u0916\u094d\u0928 (control over territories) , \u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u0916\u094d\u0928 (protect their criminal enterprises) \u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0935\u093e \u0927\u092e\u094d\u0915\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u091f\u093e\u0909\u0928 (eliminate rivals or threats) \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e, \u0927\u092e\u094d\u0915\u0940 \u0930 \u091c\u092c\u0930\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964 \u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u092b\u094d\u0928\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u091c\u092c\u0930\u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u0941\u0932\u0940 (extortion) , \u0905\u092a\u0939\u0930\u0923 (kidnapping) , \u0939\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e (assassinations) , \u0930 \u0906\u0924\u0902\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942 (acts of terrorism) \u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092d\u0917\u0924 (Corruption and Collusion)<\/strong> : \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u092b\u094d\u0928\u094b \u0939\u093f\u0924\u0915\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928, \u0905\u092d\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u092c\u093e\u091f \u092c\u091a\u094d\u0928 (evade prosecution) \u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u093e \u0926\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 (gain influence or impunity) \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942, \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f, \u0930\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0918\u0941\u0938\u092a\u0948\u0920 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093e \u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\/\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d \u0964 \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0930 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092d\u0917\u0924\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b, \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u092e\u093e \u0916\u0932\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b \u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0939\u091c \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a (Global Reach)<\/strong> : \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f (transnational) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b \u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e (borders) , \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930 (jurisdictions) , \u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 (regions) \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u091e\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u092b\u094d\u0928\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928, \u0916\u094b\u091c\/\u091b\u093e\u0928\u092c\u093f\u0928 (evade detection) \u092c\u093e\u091f \u092c\u091a\u094d\u0928 \u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092b\u093e \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 (legal systems), \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e (regulatory frameworks) \u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e (law enforcement capabilities) \u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0915\u094b \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0926\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u091b\u0928 \u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 (Sophisticated Methods)<\/strong> : \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\/\u092b\u0948\u0938\u0932\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928\u092c\u093e\u091f \u092c\u091a\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093f<label class=\"img_align\"><\/label>\u0939\u0930\u0942, \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 (sophisticated methods, techniques, and technologies) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964 \u092f\u0938\u092e\u093e \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 (encryption), \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092b\u0924 \u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0919 (money laundering through complex financial transactions), \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u091e\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 (use of encrypted communication platforms), \u0930 \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092a\u094d\u091f\u094b\u0915\u0930\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0926\u0940\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0941\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0930 \u0932\u091a\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092a\u0928 (Adaptability and Resilience)<\/strong>: \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0917\u0930\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930, \u092c\u091c\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0948 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0928\u093f \u0924\u0926\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\/\u092b\u0930\u0915\u092a\u0928 \u0906\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0964 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u0928\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0935\u0940\u0928\u0924\u093e (innovate), \u0906\u092b\u094d\u0928\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 (diversify their activities), \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u091e\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0916\u094d\u0928 \u0930 \u0906\u092b\u094d\u0928\u094b \u092a\u0939\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0928\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b\u091c\u093f \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u091b\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0930 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (Social and Economic Impact)<\/strong>: \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f, \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c \u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0924\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e (communities, societies, and economies) \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915, \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (social, economic, and security impacts) \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964 \u092f\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 ( rule of law) \u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b, \u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u093e\u092f\u092e\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u200d\u092f\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b (disrupts legitimate businesses), \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0922\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (fosters corruption), \u0939\u093f\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0922\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b (exacerbates violence and instability), \u0905\u0935\u0948\u0927 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0924\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0922\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b (fuels illicit economies), \u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e\u0925\u093f\u0915\u094b \u091c\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0918\u091f\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b (erodes public trust in institutions)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u092d\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b? \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0920\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927 \u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d, \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 (profit, power, or influence) \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u0917\u0948\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0942\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0906\u092a\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092e (structured and&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-union-public-service-commission"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":995,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210\/revisions\/995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}