{"id":618,"date":"2024-06-17T07:29:47","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T07:29:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/?p=618"},"modified":"2024-08-12T07:15:15","modified_gmt":"2024-08-12T07:15:15","slug":"what-is-participatory-development","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930: \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p>\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0928\u0948 (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0917\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\/\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u090f\u0915\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\/\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0941) \u092f\u0938\u0915\u094b \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0915\u0928\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964 \u092f\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094b, \u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u0940\u090f\u0915\u094b \u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0916\u094d\u091b\u0964 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0924\u093e, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092b\u0926\u0947\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941 \u0939\u094b \u0964 \u092f\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092f\u0903 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u094b \u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 (\u090f\u0928\u091c\u0940\u0913\u0939\u0930\u0942), \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u092c\u0940\u091a\u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u091d\u0947\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0917\u0930\u093e\u0909\u0901\u0926\u091b\u0964 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u092c\u091c\u0947\u091f, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0930 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 (consultative decision-making processes in policy formulation) \u0906\u0926\u093f \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d \u0964<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5\" >\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8\" >\u0926\u093f\u0917\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3\" >\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8\" >\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0927\u0928<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8\" >\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0938\u0901\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82\" >\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_Empowerment\" >\u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Empowerment)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Relevance_and_Sustainability\" >\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e (Relevance and Sustainability)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Social_Cohesion\" >\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Social Cohesion)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Transparency_and_Accountability\" >\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092b\u0926\u0947\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e (Transparency and Accountability)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81\" >\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0947\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0941<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_Time-Consuming\" >\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0927\u0947\u0930\u0948 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947 (Time-Consuming)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Resource-Intensive\" >\u0925\u092a \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u0939\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Resource-Intensive)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Complexity_in_Decision-Making\" >\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093e \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e (Complexity in Decision-Making)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/archives\/618\/#%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_Quality_of_Participation\" >\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (Quality of Participation)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5\"><\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8\"><\/span><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0917\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930\u00a0\u0930\u0939\u0947\u0915\u094b \u0930 \u092f\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u094b \u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3\"><\/span>\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0926\u0943\u0922\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u094b\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b \u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0925\u092a \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930 \u0938\u091a\u0947\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8\"><\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0927\u0928<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0947\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8\"><\/span>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0938\u0901\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u0906\u092b\u094d\u0928\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0906\u092b\u0948 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0948 \u0906\u0909\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0919\u094d\u0915\u091f \u0935\u093e \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0938\u0901\u0917 \u0930\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0917\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0924\u091b\u0928\u0964\u0964<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82\"><\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3_Empowerment\"><\/span>\u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 (Empowerment)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 (Local Ownership):<\/strong> \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0917\u0930\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b, \u091c\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0941\u092e\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0930 \u091c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0922\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 (Capacity Building):<\/strong> \u092f\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092a, \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0930 \u0906\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u0922\u093e\u090f\u0930 \u0906\u092b\u094d\u0928\u0948 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Relevance_and_Sustainability\"><\/span>\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e (Relevance and Sustainability)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f-\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u0939\u0930\u0942 (Context-Specific Solutions):<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942, \u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0922\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b, \u091c\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0925\u092a \u0938\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0926\u093f\u0917\u094b\u092a\u0928 (Sustainability):<\/strong> \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0926\u093f\u0917\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u0928\u092d\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u091c\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d \u0930 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092c\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0930\u0915\u094b \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u094d\u0926 \u092d\u0948\u0938\u0915\u0947\u092a\u091b\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0906\u092b\u0948\u0902\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094b \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0924\u091b\u0928 \u0964<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Social_Cohesion\"><\/span>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Social Cohesion)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 (Inclusive Development):<\/strong> \u092f\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u091c\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0948 \u0916\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u091b \u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0940\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0922\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b, \u091c\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0925\u092a \u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0925\u093e\u092e (Conflict Prevention):<\/strong> \u0938\u092c\u0948 \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0917\u0930\u0947\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0935 \u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0928 \u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0924 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Transparency_and_Accountability\"><\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092b\u0926\u0947\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e (Transparency and Accountability)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0928 (Improved Governance):<\/strong> \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0915\u0928\u092e\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0930 \u091c\u0935\u093e\u092b\u0926\u0947\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0922\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b, \u092d\u094d\u0930\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0930 \u0916\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u092e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81\"><\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092c\u0947\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0941<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87_Time-Consuming\"><\/span>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0927\u0947\u0930\u0948 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0947 (Time-Consuming)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u0932\u093e\u092e\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 (Lengthy Processes):<\/strong> \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094b \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928\u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u092c\u0922\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b, \u0915\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093f \u0924\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936, \u091b\u0932\u092b\u0932 \u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u091c\u093e\u0928\u094d\u091b, \u092f\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0927\u093f\u0928\u0948 \u0932\u092e\u094d\u092c\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0926\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Resource-Intensive\"><\/span>\u0925\u092a \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928\u0939\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e (Resource-Intensive)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 (Higher Costs):<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0915 \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u0925\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f, \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0926\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_Complexity_in_Decision-Making\"><\/span>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093e \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e (Complexity in Decision-Making)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0930\u0941\u091a\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942 (Diverse Interests):<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u092d\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u093e\u0938\u094b \u0930 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0941\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b, \u091c\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0907\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e (Power Dynamics):<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\/\u0917\u0941\u091f\u0939\u0930\u0941\u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0932\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u0930 \u0915\u0938\u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0928\u0947 \u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0928 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\/\u0917\u0941\u091f \u092c\u0922\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091b \u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b, \u092f\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0927\u0928 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094b \u0938\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e \u092c\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b\u0964<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_Quality_of_Participation\"><\/span>\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 (Quality of Participation)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0935\u093e\u0926 (Tokenism):<\/strong><\/strong> \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0924\u0939\u0940 \u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0909\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u0930\u093f\u090f\u0915\u094b \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u093f \u0917\u0930\u093f\u0928\u094d\u091b \u0930 \u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\/\u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0926\u093e \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0948\u0928\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e (Limited Capacity):<\/strong> \u0915\u0924\u093f\u092a\u092f \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092e\u093e, \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u092e\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b, \u091c\u0938\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093e \u0930\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u092d\u090f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u0941\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u0939\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u0924\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092d\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092c\u0941\u091d\u093e\u0909\u0901\u091b \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0930\u094b\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942 \u0928\u0948 (\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0917\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\/\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u092c\u093e\u091f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u090f\u0915\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0942\/\u0939\u0941\u0928\u0947\u0939\u0930\u0941) \u092f\u0938\u0915\u094b \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0928 \u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0915\u0928\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0932\u0917\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0941\u0928\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0964 \u092f\u0938 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0941\u0926\u093e\u092f \u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u0928\u0940\u0939\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094b \u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":512,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[54],"class_list":["post-618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-short-questions","tag-participatory-development"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/618","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=618"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/618\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":877,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/618\/revisions\/877"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.upasachib.com\/ne\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}